Nepal has ratified the following documents:
- Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhumane, or Degrading Treatment or Punishment
- Convention on Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women
- Convention on the Rights of the Child
- International Convention on Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination
- International Covenant Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
- International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
The following documents further define the obligations of Nepal:
The documents listed above require Nepal to protect and promote the following rights:
Right to development
Right to education
Right to equal protection of the law
Right to freedom from inhuman or degrading treatment
Right to highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
Right to housing
Right to just and favorable work conditions
Right to liberty and security of the person
Right to life and survival
Right to marry and found a family
Right to non-discrimination on grounds of age
Right to non-discrimination on grounds of disability (i.e. HIV positive)
Right to non-discrimination on grounds of marital status
Right to non-discrimination on grounds of race and ethnicity
Right to non-discrimination on grounds of sex and gender
Right to non-discrimination on grounds of sexual orientation
Right to private and family life
Right to receive and impart information
Right to the benefits of scientific progress
Constitutional Protection of Rights
The Constitution of Nepal can be viewed at http://www.oefre.unibe.ch/law/icl/np00000_.html
The Constitution of Nepal is an important tool for the protection and promotion of human rights.
The Constitution enables Nepal to translate international agreements into domestic law, and obliges all branches of government to respect and ensure the rights it enunciates.
The Constitution provides for the protection of the following rights, among others. This empowers individuals in making reproductive health decisions, and helps create the economic and social conditions conducive to good sexual and reproductive health.
Right to the equal protection of the law (art. 11)
Right to equal pay for equal work (art. 11)
Right to freedom from torture and other cruel, inhumane or degrading treatment or punishment (art. 14)
Right to freedom of association (art. 12)
Right to freedom of expression (art. 12)
Right to freedom of movement (art. 12)
Right to liberty and security (art. 12)
Right to non-discrimination on grounds of race (art. 11)
Right to non-discrimination on grounds of sex (art. 11)
Right to own private property (art.17)
Right to privacy (art. 22)
Right to receive information "on any matter of public importance" (art. 16)
Right to seek and obtain remedy for violations of rights (art.23)
The Constitution includes other provisions that promote and protect rights relevant for good sexual and reproductive health.
It obliges Nepal to adopt measures for the improvement of the population's standard of living, particularly in relation to health, education and employment (art. 26(1)). More specifically, it requires Nepal to adopt those measures for the advancement of women (art. 26(7)), children (art. 26(8)), and vulnerable groups, such as orphans and the disabled or incapacitated (art. 26(9), art. 26(10)).
The Constitution explicitly prohibits traffic in persons and all forms of exploitation (art. 20), particularly of children.
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